The first version of the plain white tee was brought to market by the P. Hanes Knitting Company as part of a two-piece underwear set in 1901. Since then, the t-shirt market has exploded. Now, designing a t-shirt is possible to do from the comfort of your home.
Learn the tenets of shirt design, including how to design a shirt, which printing methods offer the best balance of cost versus quality, and tips for branding and marketing your new t-shirt design business.
How to design a t-shirt
Follow these steps to start designing a t-shirt:
- Identify your target market
- Understand different shirt styles and fits
- Research design trends
- Select the material
- Incorporate patterns and textures
- Create your graphic design
- Get feedback
- Choose a printing option
- Prototype and create mock-ups
1. Identify your target market
Finding a niche is key to launching a successful online t-shirt business and can help you stay focused as you expand your operation.
Ask yourself these five questions to identify your target market:
What age group am I speaking to?
Pinpointing the age range helps you create designs and messaging that speak directly to their life stage, interests, and sense of humor.
For example, if you're targeting millennials, consider designs that play on nostalgia from the ’90s or early 2000s.
What are their passions and hobbies?
When you know what your audience cares about, you can design t-shirts they’ll love to wear. It’s about making something that resonates on a personal level.
Where do they hang out online?
Knowing where your audience spends their time helps you focus your marketing efforts in the right spot. Are they on Instagram? TikTok? Reddit? Meet them where they are.
For example, you might focus your marketing efforts on TikTok if your audience is primarily Gen Z, where short, engaging videos can showcase your designs.
How do they shop?
Understanding your audience’s purchasing habits, like whether they’re impulse buyers or prefer thoughtful, planned purchases, allows you to tailor your promotions and sales strategies to match their buying style.
Plus, once you get a sense of your audience’s preferred social platforms, you also have the opportunity to sell directly to them on social media through tools like TikTok Shop or Instagram Shopping.
What problem are they trying to solve, or what needs do they have?
If you can identify a specific need or problem your audience faces, you can position your t-shirts as their go-to wardrobe basic. For example, if your target audience is hikers, you can consider a design where sleeves are removable so hikers can attach them when it’s cold without having to carry additional clothes.
Define your buyer personas based on factors like age range, profession, personal values, and income level. Consider your audience’s lifestyle as well. When and where might they wear this shirt? These aspects can help inform your design, cut, and materials.
2. Understand different shirt styles and fits
When designing a t-shirt, you need to understand all of the possible styles and fits to meet your audience’s preferences. Each style offers its own look and feel and helps you create different wardrobes for different seasons. Refer to the following chart for a breakdown of common t-shirt styles and their use cases.
| Shirt Style | Description | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| Crew neck | A classic round neckline that sits close to the neck. It's the most common t-shirt style, offering a timeless and versatile look. | Casual wear, layering, unisex designs |
| V-neck | Features a V-shaped neckline that elongates the neck and offers a slightly more dressed-up look compared to a crew neck. | Fashion-forward designs, casual chic outfits |
| Scoop neck | A wider, more relaxed neckline that often sits lower on the chest. It offers a more feminine and trendy appearance. | Women’s designs, summer wear, relaxed styles |
| Ringer tee | Characterized by a contrasting color on the collar and sleeve hems. It gives a retro or sporty vibe to the t-shirt design. | Vintage-inspired designs, casual sportswear |
| Longline | A longer length t-shirt that often extends past the hips, offering a modern and edgy look. | Streetwear, tall individuals, layering |
| Muscle fit | A tighter fit around the chest and arms, designed to highlight the wearer's physique. | Athletic or body-conscious designs, fitness apparel |
| Relaxed fit | A looser cut that offers more comfort and a laid-back style. It's often chosen for its ease of wear and casual vibe. | Everyday wear, plus-size designs, relaxed aesthetics |
| Slim fit | Tapered to fit closer to the body without being too tight. It provides a sleek and modern silhouette. | Trendy designs, young adult fashion, minimalistic looks |
| Pocket tee | A t-shirt with a small pocket on the chest, adding a functional and decorative element. | Casual wear, utility-inspired designs |
| Henley | Features a buttoned placket below the neckline, offering a mix between a t-shirt and a polo. | Casual chic outfits, transitional wear |
3. Research design trends
Incorporating current design trends into your shirts can help you differentiate your products from those of your competitors. Zazzle and SnorgTees are two online stores that offer insight into custom t-shirt designs. You can review their bestseller categories to see what people are buying. Take note of common themes like darker colors, bold graphics, small logos, and other small details to determine which trends to weave into your design.
4. Select the material
Consider some of the most common t-shirt materials:
- 100% cotton: Cotton fabrics are soft, breathable, comfortable, and relatively inexpensive.
- 100% polyester: A synthetic fabric, polyester is durable, resistant to wrinkles and shrinking, and relatively inexpensive, making it a popular choice for athletic wear.
- Polyester and cotton blends: These blends offer the best of cotton and polyester fabrics, which is why they tend to be more expensive than 100% cotton or polyester fabrics.
- Tri-blend: A blend of cotton, polyester, and rayon, tri-blends are soft and comfortable. Like other blends, tri-blend fabrics are more expensive than pure cotton or polyester.
- Hemp: Made from the fibers of hemp plants, pure hemp fabric can be more eco-friendly and durable than other options, but also more expensive.
- Bamboo: Similar to hemp fabric, pure bamboo fabric is an eco-friendly option that comes with a steeper price tag.
5. Incorporate patterns and textures
Whether you're aiming for something subtle or a design that really pops, patterns and textures add depth and interest that plain prints just can’t achieve. Think of them as the extra oomph that can make your design memorable and wearable.
Here’s how to do it right:
- Subtle textures: Start with something simple, like a heathered fabric or a slight distressing effect. These textures add a layer of complexity without overwhelming the design. They’re perfect for adding a vintage or worn-in look to your t-shirt.
- Bold patterns: If you want your t-shirt to be a statement piece, go for a bold pattern. Stripes, polka dots, or even geometric shapes can add a lot of character. Just make sure the pattern complements your overall design and doesn’t compete with other elements.
- Layering patterns: Don’t be afraid to mix patterns, but do it strategically. Layering a small, repetitive pattern under a larger, more prominent design can create a dynamic look that draws the eye in. Consider combining a subtle background pattern with a striking graphic or text overlay.
- Textures with purpose: Use textures that enhance the theme of your design. For example, a rough, grunge texture can give a rock-band tee an edgy feel, while a soft, watercolor texture might be better suited for a nature-inspired design.
Incorporating patterns and textures isn’t just about making a shirt look cool—it’s about adding depth and personality to your designs, making them more appealing and unique to your audience.
6. Create your graphic design
Decide whether you’d like to produce the design yourself or hire a designer. If you’re going the DIY route, you can make use of user-friendly, free design tools like Canva to design your shirt. More advanced tools, like Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, come with a price tag but provide more capabilities. Alternatively, you can find designers of varying skill sets, rates, and experience on freelance talent networks like Behance and Dribbble.
7. Get feedback
Before your design hits the printers, get feedback to gauge the potential response to your design and validate if it will connect with your target audience. Ask trusted friends, family, or peers to check your work for spelling errors, confusing design elements, or anything else that strikes them as off. Honest feedback like this is crucial for any stage in your ecommerce business, but it is particularly useful at the start.
8. Choose a printing option
All of the following printing options can produce a high-quality shirt, but they each have different price points and unique processes.
Screen printing
Also known as silk screen printing, this method involves pushing ink through a stencil, or screen, onto the fabric. Screen printing is a high-quality method that’s popular and relatively cost-effective compared to other techniques.
Plastisol transfers
Plastisol transfers use heat and pressure to transfer your design from a carrier sheet onto a t-shirt. You can use this method with a wide range of fabrics, and it makes for a durable shirt. However, it tends to be more expensive than screen printing.
Dye sublimation
Somewhat similar to plastisol transfers, dye sublimation involves using heat and pressure to transfer your design onto a shirt. However, the ink is absorbed into the fabric instead of sitting on top. Dye sublimation is typically more expensive than other options, but it’s ideal for producing high-quality, full-color prints on polyester fabrics.
Direct to garment (DTG)
DTG printing is a cutting-edge method to print directly on textiles, making it the most expensive option. It works particularly well with lighter colors and intricate designs.
Print on demand
Print on demand is a fulfillment model that makes the manufacturing, printing, packaging, and shipping of t-shirts possible without having to hold your own inventory. Shopify’s print-on-demand services allow you to sell shirts without keeping, organizing, and monitoring inventory or worrying about shipping. Create designs and an online store all in one place with print-on-demand partners like Printful or Printify.
9. Prototype and create mockups
Before you go full throttle into production, take a step back and prototype your designs. Creating mockups helps you see what your t-shirt will look like in real life and catch potential issues before they become expensive mistakes. A prototype helps you test everything: the fit, the colors, the design placement, and even the fabric choice. Don’t skip this step, especially if you’re planning to sell your t-shirts online, where customers can’t physically touch or try on your product.
Pro Tip: Use high-quality mockup templates that reflect the style and fit of your final product. For example, if you’re selling to a fitness crowd, a mockup on an athletic-fit tee can give customers a better sense of the final look.
Taking the time to prototype and create mockups ensures that what you see on the screen translates perfectly to what your customers will receive. It’s all about delivering a product that exceeds customer expectations—building trust and loyalty from the get-go.
T-shirt design tips
Ultimately, your design is what persuades people to purchase your shirt. Consider these tips to guide your creative process for how to design a t-shirt.
Keep it simple
A cluttered design can overwhelm the eye and detract from your message. Think about iconic t-shirts that have stood the test of time—most of them feature straightforward, clean designs that communicate a clear idea. For example, a single, bold graphic or a short, impactful phrase can often be more powerful than a complex image with lots of text.
Pro Tip: Before finalizing your design, do the “five-second test”—show it to someone for just five seconds and then ask them to describe it. If they can easily identify the main idea, you’re on the right track.
Limit colors
Using a limited color palette isn’t just about keeping costs down—it’s also about making sure your design is clear and memorable. Too many colors can make a design look busy and may obscure your message. Also, each additional color can increase printing costs, which can eat into your profit margins, especially for ecommerce businesses.
Pro Tip: If you have a strict budget, stick to two or three colors that complement each other. For example, a simple black-and-white design can be striking and versatile, while a carefully chosen accent color can add just the right pop.
Employ color theory
Color theory, or color psychology, is the idea that certain colors can influence moods. The same goes for t-shirt colors. For example, blue is often associated with trust and calm, making it ideal for designs that aim to convey reliability. On the other hand, red is attention-grabbing and can create a sense of urgency or excitement.
Use Pantone colors
Consistency is key in t-shirt printing, and that’s where Pantone colors come in. Pantone offers a standardized color-matching system that ensures your design looks the same across different printing methods and materials. This will help you maintain brand consistency, especially if you plan to produce large quantities or use multiple printers.
Focus on image quality
In most cases, images should be 200 dpi (dots per inch) or higher at full size for custom t-shirt designs.
Whenever possible, use vector graphics instead of raster images. Vector graphics scale infinitely without losing quality, making them ideal for t-shirt designs. Whether you’re printing a small logo on the chest or a large graphic on the back, your design will remain sharp and detailed.
Consider contrast
Contrast is the visual difference between the dark and light parts of images. Choose high-contrasting colors—like black ink on a white shirt or light ink colors on a dark shirt—if you want a shirt that’s easy to read and aesthetically pleasing.
Pro tip: If your design includes text, ensure there’s enough contrast between the text color and the shirt color to make the words easily readable from a distance. High-contrast colors are an accessibility principle that improves legibility and makes your design stand out more in a crowd.
How to start a t-shirt design business
Starting a t-shirt design business is hard—the market is saturated, and the competition is fierce. So, how do you carve out a space for your brand? It all comes down to nailing the essentials, understanding your niche, and leveraging smart strategies to get your designs in front of the right audience.
Here’s how to get started with your own t-shirt design business:
1. Find your niche
Before you even think about printing your first design, you need to define your niche. The t-shirt market is huge, and without a clear focus, your brand will get lost in the noise.
Are you targeting fitness enthusiasts, eco-conscious consumers, or maybe fans of a specific subculture? The more specific you can get, the better. A well-defined niche not only helps you create designs that resonate with your audience but also makes your marketing efforts more effective.
2. Choose the right ecommerce platform
Once you’ve identified your niche, choose a platform to launch your business. Shopify is an excellent choice for t-shirt businesses because it’s user-friendly and scalable. Whether you’re just starting out or you’re ready to grow, Shopify provides all the tools you need to set up your store, manage inventory, and process payments. Plus, with Shopify’s business integration options, you can easily connect with print-on-demand services to streamline your production process.
3. Design with purpose
Your designs are the heart of your business—they need to speak to your audience on a personal level. This is where understanding your niche really pays off. Every design should be intentional and aligned with the values and interests of your target market. Don’t just follow trends—set them. Invest in a professional designer if your budget allows, and make sure your designs are original and high quality.
4. Marketing and branding
Your brand is the story you tell through your designs, your messaging, and your customer experience. Build a brand that’s authentic and relatable. Use social media to showcase your designs, engage with your audience, and build a community around your brand. Influencer marketing, email campaigns, and paid ads can also be powerful tools to drive traffic to your store.
5. Test and iterate
Finally, remember that t-shirt design is an ongoing process. Test different designs, marketing strategies, and sales channels. Pay attention to what works and be ready to pivot when necessary. The key to success is staying flexible and learning from your customers and your data.
How to design a shirt FAQ
What materials are typically used to make a shirt, and how do I choose the right ones?
The most popular shirt materials are cotton, polyester, a polyester and cotton blend, and a tri-blend. There are also some more eco-friendly options, like hemp. Choosing the right one comes down to cost, durability, your printing method, and how you want the shirt to feel.
How do I ensure that the logo or graphics I choose for my shirt are copyright-free?
To avoid copyright infringement, steer clear of cartoon, television, and movie characters, as well as real people, and consider anything accompanied by the copyright symbol or a watermark to be off limits. You can refer to the US Copyright Act to confirm that your shirt designs aren’t in danger of infringement.
What should I look for in a manufacturer when producing my shirt design?
When choosing a manufacturer, look to see if they have order quantity minimums or limits, the supplies you’ll need, and well-regarded customer service.
How do I market and price my shirt design effectively?
Social media is a great marketing tool. Try building an audience organically, posting content, and investing in targeted ads. For pricing, calculate your costs and then research similar shirt brands and/or designs to find the average price. Many shirt designers aim for a 20% profit margin.
What is the easiest app to create t-shirt designs?
One of the easiest apps to create t-shirt designs is Canva. It offers an intuitive drag-and-drop interface with a wide variety of templates, graphics, and fonts, making it accessible even for beginners. Plus, it provides built-in mockup features so you can see how your design will look on a t-shirt before printing.
